Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.
Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Neurologic ClinicsAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain.Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64: 2028-2037
- The Epidemiology of low back pain.Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2010; 24: 769-781
- Non-specific low back pain.Lancet. 2017; 389: 736-747
- Low back pain: a call for action.Lancet. 2018; 391: 2384-2388
- The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; 73: 968-974
- The effectiveness of non-surgical treatments, re-discectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in post-discectomy pain syndrome.J Spine Surg. 2018; 4: 414-422
- The global burden of occupationally related low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; 73: 975-981
- Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.Lancet. 2018; 392: 1789-1858
- How does pain lead to disability? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies in people with back and neck pain.Pain. 2015; 156: 988-997
- The Edwin Smith papyrus: a clinical reappraisal of the oldest known document on spinal injuries.Eur Spine J. 2010; 19: 1815-1823
- An historical perspective on low back pain and disability.Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1989; 234: 1-23
- Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; Cd000963
- National trends in nonoperative care for nonspecific back pain.Spine J. 2004; 4: 56-63
- The epidemiology of low back pain in primary care.Chiropr Osteopat. 2005; 13: 13
- Mechanical Low Back Pain.Am Fam Physician. 2018; 98: 421-428
- Pott's disease.J Neurosurg Jul. 1997; 87: 136-138
- Management of spinal infection: a review of the literature.Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018; 160: 487-496
- Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial.Lancet. 2005; 366: 643-648
- Physiopathology of spine metastasis.Int J Surg Oncol. 2011; 2011107969
- Spine Metastasis in Elderly: Encouraging Results for Better Survival.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2021; 46: 751-759
- Spondyloarthritis.Lancet. 2011; 377: 2127-2137
- Low back pain and lumbar spine osteoarthritis: how are they related?.Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013; 15: 305
- Degenerative Disc Disease: What is in a Name?.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019; 44: 1523-1529
- Lumbar disc degeneration: epidemiology and genetics.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006; 88: 3-9
- Evaluating and managing acute low back pain in the primary care setting.J Gen Intern Med. 2001; 16: 120-131
- Straight leg raise test. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.StatPearls Publishing LLC., 2021 (Copyright © 2021)
- Consistency of history taking and physical examination in patients with suspected lumbar nerve root involvement.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000; 25 ([discussion: 97]): 91-96
- StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.StatPearls Publishing LLC, 2021 (Copyright © 2021)
- The presence of Waddell signs depends on age and gender, not diagnosis.Bone Joint J. 2018; 100-b: 219-225
- Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019; 23: 23
- Evaluation and Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Clinically Focused Review for Primary Care Specialists.Mayo Clin Proc. 2015; 90: 1699-1718
- Functional pain disorders - more than nociplastic pain.NeuroRehabilitation. 2020; 47: 343-353
- The facilitators and barriers to implementing patient reported outcome measures in organisations delivering health related services: a systematic review of reviews.J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2018; 2: 46
- Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview.Eur Spine J. 2018; 27: 2791-2803
- Radiography for low back pain: a randomised controlled trial and observational study in primary care.Br J Gen Pract. 2002; 52: 469-474
- Imaging versus no imaging for low back pain: a systematic review, measuring costs, healthcare utilization and absence from work.Eur Spine J. 2019; 28: 937-950
- Comparison of a biopsychosocial therapy (BT) with a conventional biomedical therapy (MT) of subacute low back pain in the first episode of sick leave: a randomized controlled trial.Eur Spine J. 2006; 15: 1083-1092
- Topiramate in treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Clin J Pain. 2006; 22: 526-531
- Effects of noradrenergic and serotonergic antidepressants on chronic low back pain intensity.Pain. 1999; 83: 137-145
- Prednisone for emergency department low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.J Emerg Med. 2014; 47: 65-70
- Lidocaine patch treatment in patients with low back pain: results of an open-label, nonrandomized pilot study.Am J Ther. 2005; 12: 311-319
- The effect of vitamin D on nonspecific low back pain.Int J Rheum Dis. 2015; 18: 854-858
- Tramadol/acetaminophen combination tablets for the treatment of chronic lower back pain: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled outpatient study.Clin Ther. 2003; 25: 1123-1141
- Topical treatment of chronic low back pain with a capsicum plaster.Pain. 2003; 106: 59-64
- Capsicum pain plaster in chronic non-specific low back pain.Arzneimittelforschung. 2001; 51: 896-903
- Efficacy of cognitive therapy for chronic low back pain.Pain. 1993; 52: 169-177
- Treatment of chronic low back pain: a randomized, clinical trial comparing group-based multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation and intensive individual therapist-assisted back muscle strengthening exercises.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010; 35: 469-476
- Cognitive-behavioral management training of depressive symptoms among inpatient orthopedic patients with chronic low back pain and depressive symptoms: A 2-year longitudinal study.J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2015; 28: 49-60
- Preoperative Cognitive-Behavioral Patient Education Versus Standard Care for Lumbar Spinal Fusion Patients: Economic Evaluation Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016; 41: 18-25
- TTM-based counselling in physiotherapy does not contribute to an increase of adherence to activity recommendations in older adults with chronic low back pain--a randomised controlled trial.Eur J Pain. 2007; 11: 31-37
- Active exercise, education, and cognitive behavioral therapy for persistent disabling low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007; 32: 1578-1585
- The effect of health education in patients with chronic low back pain.J Int Med Res. 2014; 42: 815-820
- Effect of a long-lasting multidisciplinary program on disability and fear-avoidance behaviors in patients with chronic low back pain: results of a randomized controlled trial.Clin J Pain. 2013; 29: 929-938
- Evaluating the efficacy of graded in vivo exposure for the treatment of fear in patients with chronic back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Pain. 2008; 136: 271-280
- Kinesiophobia and its relation to pain characteristics and cognitive affective variables in older adults with chronic pain.BMC Geriatr. 2016; 16: 128
- Psychosocial predictors of health-related quality of life and health service utilisation in people with chronic low back pain.Pain. 2008; 135: 142-150
- How effective is a modified exercise program on its own or with back school in chronic low back pain? A randomized-controlled clinical trial.J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2014; 27: 553-561
- Effectiveness of a home exercise programme in low back pain: a randomized five-year follow-up study.Physiother Res Int. 2007; 12: 213-224
- Multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of home-based exercise on patients with chronic low back pain: the Japan low back pain exercise therapy study.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010; 35: E811-E819
- Impact of continuous low level heatwrap therapy in acute low back pain patients: subjective and objective measurements.Clin J Pain. 2007; 23: 663-668
- Treating acute low back pain with continuous low-level heat wrap therapy and/or exercise: a randomized controlled trial.Spine J. 2005; 5: 395-403
- Continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for treating acute nonspecific low back pain.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003; 84: 329-334
- Overnight use of continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for relief of low back pain.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003; 84: 335-342
- A randomized clinical trial of continuous low-level heat therapy for acute muscular low back pain in the workplace.J Occup Environ Med. 2005; 47: 1298-1306
- The efficacy of thermotherapy and cryotherapy on pain relief in patients with acute low back pain, a clinical trial study.J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8: Lc01-Lc04
- The effect of continuous ultrasound on chronic non-specific low back pain: a single blind placebo-controlled randomized trial.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012; 13: 192
- Is phonophoresis effective in the treatment of chronic low back pain? A single-blind randomized controlled trial.Rheumatol Int. 2013; 33: 1737-1744
- Laser acupuncture for chronic non-specific low back pain: a controlled clinical trial.Acupunct Med. 2009; 27: 94-100
- Low-dose laser acupuncture for non-specific chronic low back pain: a double-blind randomised controlled trial.Acupunct Med. 2014; 32: 116-123
- A controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and exercise for chronic low back pain.N Engl J Med. 1990; 322: 1627-1634
- A double blind randomised controlled clinical trial on the effect of transcutaneous spinal electroanalgesia (TSE) on low back pain.Eur J Pain. 2008; 12: 371-377
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation [TENS] for Short-Term Treatment of Low Back Pain–Randomized Double Blind Crossover Study of Sham versus Conventional TENS.J Musculoskelet Pain. 2005; 13
- Dry needling of muscle motor points for chronic low-back pain: a randomized clinical trial with long-term follow-up.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1980; 5: 279-291
- A randomized trial comparing acupuncture, simulated acupuncture, and usual care for chronic low back pain.Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169: 858-866
- Acupuncture for chronic low back pain: a multicenter, randomized, patient-assessor blind, sham-controlled clinical trial.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013; 38: 549-557
- Acupuncture in patients with acute low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial.Pain. 2012; 153: 1883-1889
- Acupuncture for chronic low back pain: a randomized placebo-controlled study with long-term follow-up.Clin J Pain. 2001; 17: 296-305
- Acupuncture in the management of chronic low back pain: a blinded randomized controlled trial.Clin J Pain. 2003; 19: 364-370
- German Acupuncture Trials (GERAC) for chronic low back pain: randomized, multicenter, blinded, parallel-group trial with 3 groups.Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167: 1892-1898
- Pragmatic randomized trial evaluating the clinical and economic effectiveness of acupuncture for chronic low back pain.Am J Epidemiol. 2006; 164: 487-496
- The use of electro-acupuncture in conjunction with exercise for the treatment of chronic low-back pain.J Altern Complement Med. 2003; 9: 479-490
- Effectiveness of a lumbar belt in subacute low back pain: an open, multicentric, and randomized clinical study.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009; 34: 215-220
- Are back supports plus education more effective than education alone in promoting recovery from low back pain?: Results from a randomized clinical trial.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007; 32: 2050-2057
- Dose-response and efficacy of spinal manipulation for care of chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Spine J. 2014; 14: 1106-1116
- Assessment of diclofenac or spinal manipulative therapy, or both, in addition to recommended first-line treatment for acute low back pain: a randomised controlled trial.Lancet. 2007; 370: 1638-1643
- Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Chronic Lower Back Pain in Older Veterans: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2014; 5: 154-164
- Altered postural responses persist following physical therapy of general versus specific trunk exercises in people with low back pain.Man Ther. 2014; 19: 425-432
- Effect of trunk muscles training using a star excursion balance test grid on strength, endurance and disability in persons with chronic low back pain.J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2015; 28: 521-530
- Effectiveness of back school versus McKenzie exercises in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Phys Ther. 2013; 93: 729-747
- The effect of McKenzie therapy as compared with that of intensive strengthening training for the treatment of patients with subacute or chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002; 27: 1702-1709
- Cost-effectiveness of early interventions for non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled study investigating medical yoga, exercise therapy and self-care advice.J Rehabil Med. 2015; 47: 167-173
- Yoga for chronic low back pain: a randomized trial.Ann Intern Med. 2011; 155: 569-578
- Outcome evaluation of work hardening program for manual workers with work-related back injury.Work. 2005; 25: 297-305
- Functional restoration versus outpatient physical training in chronic low back pain: a randomized comparative study.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000; 25: 2494-2500
- North American Spine Society. Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Multidisciplinary Spine Care: Diagnosis & Treatment of Low Back Pain.Clin Guideline. 2020; : 217
- Are fluoroscopic caudal epidural steroid injections effective for managing chronic low back pain?.Pain Physician. 2003; 6: 167-172
- Therapeutic trial of fluoroscopic interlaminar epidural steroid injection for axial low back pain: effectiveness and outcome predictors.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010; 31: 1817-1823
- The value of the provocation response in lumbar zygapophyseal joint injections.Clin J Pain. 1994; 10: 309-313
- A controlled trial of corticosteroid injections into facet joints for chronic low back pain.N Engl J Med. 1991; 325: 1002-1007
- Injection therapy of lumbar facet syndrome: a prospective study.Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006; 148 ([discussion: 1172]): 1165-1172
- A comparison of intraarticular lumbar facet joint steroid injections and lumbar facet joint radiofrequency denervation in the treatment of low back pain: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial.Anesth Analg. 2013; 117: 228-235
- A comparison of conventional and pulsed radiofrequency denervation in the treatment of chronic facet joint pain.Clin J Pain. 2007; 23: 524-529
- Audit of conservative management of chronic low back pain in a secondary care setting--part I: facet joint and sacroiliac joint interventions.Acupunct Med. 2004; 22: 207-213
- The use of prolotherapy in the sacroiliac joint.Br J Sports Med. 2010; 44: 100-104
- Fluoroscopically guided therapeutic sacroiliac joint injections for sacroiliac joint syndrome.Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001; 80: 425-432
- A double-blind, controlled, randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin for the treatment of lumbar myofascial pain in humans.Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010; 35: 255-260
- Is spinal cord stimulation an effective treatment option for discogenic pain?.Pain Pract. 2012; 12: 194-201
- Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 7: lumbar fusion for intractable low-back pain without stenosis or spondylolisthesis.J Neurosurg Spine. 2014; 21: 42-47
- Randomised controlled trial to compare surgical stabilisation of the lumbar spine with an intensive rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic low back pain: the MRC spine stabilisation trial.Bmj. 2005; 330: 1233
- Surgery for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009; 34: 1094-1109
Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 29, 2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
